Penggunaan Gadget Berlebihan dan Fokus Belajar Remaja dalam Perspektif William James

الملخص

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly influenced adolescents’ learning patterns and attention management. Excessive gadget use among 17-year-old adolescents may reduce learning focus, disrupt rest quality, and increase mental fatigue. This study aims to analyze the impact of excessive gadget use on adolescents’ learning focus from the perspective of William James’ concepts of consciousness (stream of consciousness), attention, and habit. This research employs a qualitative library research method by examining William James’ classical works and relevant contemporary journal articles on gadget use and adolescent cognitive functioning. The findings indicate that high intensity of gadget use contributes to the fragmentation of consciousness, weakening selective attention, and the formation of automatic digital habits. These conditions negatively affect adolescents’ ability to maintain learning focus and hinder mental recovery processes.